Journal: Frontiers in Physiology
Article Title: The Sphingolipid Inhibitors Ceranib-2 and SKI-II Reduce Measles Virus Replication in Primary Human Lymphocytes: Effects on mTORC1 Downstream Signaling
doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.856143
Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of ceranib-2 and SKI-II on rpS6, eIF4E, and MNK1 in PBL. In all experiments, the quality of the PBL after PHA (2.5 μg/ml) stimulation was controlled by flow cytometry measuring the expression of CD69 and CD25 (A) , and the infection with MV (MV IC323eGFP) measuring the expression virally encoded GFP (B) . An example of infected and uninfected PBL in the presence and absence of PHA is shown representatively. PBL were treated for indicated times with 5 μm ceranib-2, 5 μm SKI-II and as control with the solvent DMSO (0.5%), and cell lysates applied to SDS-PAGE and blotted on nitrocellulose. Proteins of interest were visualized on the Western blots using appropriate antibodies and quantified. The experiments were repeated with PBL from three different donors. In (C) , Western blotting was performed to detect phosphorylated rpS6 and GAPDH. The corresponding quantification of the blot is shown on the right side ( n = 3; blots from one representative experiment are shown). The reduction of rpS6 phosphorylation by ceranib-2 at 6 and 15 h was significant in comparison with corresponding time points of control signals (with * p ≤ 0.05 calculated by student’s t -test). In (D) , Western blotting was performed to detect phosphorylated eIF4E, total eIF4E, and GAPDH. The quantification with normalization to the corresponding DMSO control values for each time point is shown on the right side. The values for phosphorylated over total eIF4E signals are given. Significances were calculated by student’s t -test by comparing corresponding time points of inhibitor treated with control signals ( n = 3; with * p ≤ 0.05 and ** p ≤ 0.01). In (E) , Western blotting was performed to detect phosphorylated MNK1, total MNK1, and GAPDH. Quantifications of the phosphorylated over total MNK1 and total MNK1 protein over GAPDH are given. Some blots were used for detection of two different proteins (MNK1 and eIF4E) and GAPDH controls were used for both. In some cases, two blots with lysates from the same experiment were used for the detection of total and phosphorylated proteins, and the corresponding GAPDH controls were used for quantification. In this case, only one representative GAPDH control is shown.
Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies were used in immunoblotting and flow cytometry: rabbit anti-GAPDH (Santacruz sc-25,778), rabbit anti-human CD69 APC-conjugated (Biolegend 310,910) and FITC-conjugated (Biolegend 310,904), rabbit anti-human CD25 FITC-conjugated (Immunotools 218,102,535), rabbit anti-phosphoEIF4E (CST-9741), rabbit anti-total EIF4E (CST-9742), rabbit anti-phospho MNK1 (ThermoFischer PA5-110137), rabbit anti-total MNK1 (CST-2195), rabbit anti-total rpS6 (Sigma SAB4502676), rabbit anti-phospho rpS6 (CST-4858), rabbit anti-total IKK-β (CST-2684), and rabbit anti-mouse IgG1k FITC-conjugated (BD Biosciences 55,066).
Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Infection, Control, Solvent, SDS Page, Western Blot, Phospho-proteomics, Comparison